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Fortified ancient settlements


Subject / Relics

Fortified ancient settlements (gorodishches), remains of fortified settlements protected with natural obstacles, ditches and banks. In the leningrad Oblast there are 30 fortified ancient settlements, they are mainly of cape type (15 of them are located in the Luga district). The beginning of the fortified ancient settlements was connected with settling Slavs. Some of fortified settlements became centres of small regions, old Russian pogosts, others were used as shelters, sanctuaries. Finds tell us about the develping of farming, cattle-breeding, timber crafts, arising armed forces. Archaeological dig of the fortified ancient settlements of Gorodets, Nadbelye, Tesov were gone on in the Luga district. Four fortified ancient settlements were kept save on the Volkhov River. The fortified ancient settlement of Lyubshanskoye (from the last third of the 7th century untill the 870th) is the oldes fortified settlement of the oblast. Settlements at the villages of Noviye Duboviki and Gorodishche served as the trade way on the Volkhov River. The fortified settlement of Zemlyanoye in Staraya Ladoga is located on the place of an early urban settlement. Its wooden-earthwork fortifications were constructed in 1585-1586, reconstructed in 1701-1703. In the Tikhvin district there is the fortified centre of the 9-10th centuries in the area of the Ladoga Lake region burial mounds, in the Boksitogorsk district there is a gorodishche ( fortified ancient settlement) on the Chagoda River. According as the Baltic-Finnish tribes were annexed to the Novgorod Lands, the new fortified settlements appeared for protecting from Sums, Yems, Germans, Danes, and also for collecting the tribute. Some fortified settlements (in the Volosovo, Lomonosov, Kingisepp districts) protected the Vod Land from the Gulf of Finland site. Remains of constructions were opened at the archaelogical dig of the Kaibolovo fortified settlement of the 12th-13th centuries and the Slavonic type of the inhabitants was established. In the northern-eastern Chud Lake region (the Slantsi district) there are fortified settlements at the villages of Dretno and Kolenets (no dated). In Karels' lands the remains of a fortified settlement of the 12th-13th centuries were found on the place of the Vyborg Castle. Tiversky Town on the Vuoksa River was being from the late 13th untill early 15th centuries. In the Lope land also there was a fortified settlement of the 11-12th centuries on the Lava River (the Kirovsk district). From 1970 untill our days archaelogical digs were carried out by A.N. Kirpichnikov, S.I. Kochkurkina, S.L. Kuzmin, G.S. Lebedev, E.N. Nosov, V.P. Petrenko, N.I. Platonova, E.A. Ryabinin, A.A. Selin, V.A. Tyulenev and others.

Authors
Plotkin, Konstantin Moiseyevich

Persons
Kirpichnikov, Anatoly Nikolayevich
Kochkurkina, Svetlana Ivanovna
Kuzmin, Sergey Leonidovich
Lebedev, Gleb Sergeyevich
Nosov, Yevgeny Nikolayevich
Petrenko, Valery Petrovich
Platonova, Nadezhda Igorevna
Ryabinin, Yevgeny Aleksandrovich
Selin, Adrian Aleksandrovich
Tyulenev, Vyacheslav Albertovich

Geography
Leningrad Oblast, the/Slantsi District/Dretno Village
Leningrad Oblast, the/Luga District/Gorodets Village
Leningrad Oblast, the/Tikhvin District/Gorodishche Village
Topographical landmarks/Gulf of Finland, the
Leningrad Oblast, the/Kingisepp District
Leningrad Oblast, the/Slantsi District/Koledenets Village
Topographical landmarks/Lava River, the
Leningrad Oblast, the/Lomonosov District
Leningrad Oblast, the/Luga District
Leningrad Oblast, the/Luga District/Nadbelye Village
Topographical landmarks/Syas River, the
Topographical landmarks/Volkhov River, the
Leningrad Oblast, the/Volosovo District
Topographical landmarks/Vuoksa River, the

Bibliography
Кирпичников А.Н. Крепости бастионного типа в средневековой России // Памятники культуры. Новые открытия. 1978. Л., 1979, С.471-499
Лапшин В.А. Археологическая карта Ленинградской области. Ч. 1-2. Л.; СПб. 1990-1995, С.471-499
Лебедев Г. С. Археологические памятники Ленинградской области. Л., 1977, С.471-499
Рябинин Е.А. Городища Водской земли // Краткие сообщения Института археологии. 1984. № 179, С. 45-53

Subject Index
Karelians
Site of the fortified ancient settlement of Kaybolovo
Site of the fortified ancient settlement of Lyubshansk
Tiversk military post, a fortress
Vyborg Castle, the


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