hidden Fortified ancient settlements Fortified ancient settlements (gorodishches), remains of fortified settlements protected with natural obstacles, ditches and banks. In the leningrad Oblast there are 30 fortified ancient settlements, they are mainly of cape type (15 of them are... more

hidden Fortress and defence building Fortress and defence building. The defence of the northwestern lands of Russia was created on combining almost impassable places ("natural strongholds") and powerful frontier fortresses located on the important directions. The fortress building ... more